英语翻译It is assumed that the heat transfer problem is independent of the mechanical problem; thusthe temperature analysis is performed first and then it is used as an input to the calculation ofstress-strain behavior.This is done in a commercia

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英语翻译It is assumed that the heat transfer problem is independent of the mechanical problem; thusthe temperature analysis is performed first and then it is used as an input to the calculation ofstress-strain behavior.This is done in a commercia
英语翻译
It is assumed that the heat transfer problem is independent of the mechanical problem; thus
the temperature analysis is performed first and then it is used as an input to the calculation of
stress-strain behavior.This is done in a commercial Finite Element Package,ABAQUS
* .This
approach not only takes advantage of the mathematical and geometrical capabilities of the Finite
Element Method,but also of the processing and post-processing abilities of the software.For
example,a convenient feature is that the temperature calculation is performed,and then the
deformation problem is solved in the same mesh,with temperature data that is imported in an
automatic way,thus saving the user data transfer procedures.
After an initial —usually very short— transient,the process takes place at quasi-steady
state.From the viewpoint of the temperature problem,the natural approach is to study the laser
cladding process in an Eulerian reference frame,i.e.,fixed to the heat source.Computationally that
is more efficient than a Lagrangian coordinate frame (i.e.fixed to the substrate).This is so
because,for the Eulerian case,mesh refinement needs only to be performed at a very limited zone
(the irradiated part of the top surface),as opposed to having the same degree of refinement for the
whole top surface in the Lagrangian case.On the other hand,the deformation problem,which
includes inelastic deformation,is usually defined on a Lagrangian basis,because the mechanical
behavior of a certain control volume depends on the stress-strain history at that location.Thus,an
Eulerian formulation is to be looked for,but that is not readily available,as it is still a matter of
research in the field of Computational Mechanics
9 .Therefore,in the present work a Lagrangian
procedure was followed.
*
ABAQUS is a trademark of Hibbitt,Karlsson & Sorensen,Inc.
Figure 1.Initial Finite Element Mesh.
Figure 2.Element generation:three columns of clad elements were generated at the clad edge.
In the cladding process mass is constantly being added to the workpiece; this event needs to
be simulated in the Lagrangian procedure.That was accomplished by means of successive discrete
addition of new elements to the computational domain (figs.1 and 2),as was done before in the
case of welding

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