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[重金求文]帮我找找历史上的一些名人事件或者历史事件,要英文的
我需要一些名人事件,或者历史事件,各种题材的都可以,经济,教育,文化等等,英文的,短小精悍一点,类似如下这种的.多多益善：
In 2004,NASA launched two space car named "Spirit" and "Opportunity" to the Mars to explore whether it has life or not.The surface condition is extremely horrible for humans to live:the average temperature is about minus 76 centigrade and no oxygen exists.Fortunately,these machines can sustain the terrible environment do what we hope for.

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肯尼迪刺杀事件
President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas,Texas,at 12:30 p.m.Central Standard Time on November 22,1963,while on a political trip to Texas.He was shot twice in the neck and head,and was pronounced dead at 1:00 p.m.Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested at a movie theater at about 1:50 p.m.He denied shooting anyone,claiming he was a patsy,and was killed by Jack Ruby on November 24,before he could be indicted or tried.
第一次工业革命
The First Industrial Revolution,which began in the eighteenth century,merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850,when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships,railways,and later in the nineteenth century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.
滑铁卢战役
The Battle of Waterloo,fought near the town of Waterloo.Waterloo marked the end of the period known as the Hundred Days,which began in March 1815 after Napoleon's return from Elba,where he had been exiled after his defeats at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 and the campaigns of 1814 in France.The defeat put a final end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French.
第一次世界大战
World War I was a global war which took place primarily in Europe from 1914 to 1918.Over forty million casualties resulted,including approximately twenty million military and civilian deaths.Over sixty million European soldiers were mobilized from 1914 to 1918.
第二次世界大战
World War II was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations.The war was the most widespread war in history,and placed the participants in a state of "total war",erasing the distinction between civil and military resources.
犹太人大屠杀
The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II,as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler.
抗日战争
The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7,1937 to September 9,1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China.It was the largest Asian war in the twentieth century.The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy aiming to dominate China politically and militarily to secure its vast raw material reserves and other resources.

American Revolution or United States War of Independence
(1775–83) War that won political independence for 13 of Britain's North American colonies, which formed the United States of America.
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American Revolution or United States War of Independence
(1775–83) War that won political independence for 13 of Britain's North American colonies, which formed the United States of America.
After the end of the costly French and Indian War (1763), Britain imposed new taxes (see Stamp Act; Sugar Act) and trade restrictions on the colonies, fueling growing resentment and strengthening the colonists' objection to their lack of representation in the British Parliament. Determined to achieve independence, the colonies formed the Continental Army, composed chiefly of minutemen, to challenge Britain's large, organized militia. The war began when Britain sent a force to destroy rebel military stores at Concord, Mass. After fighting broke out on April 19, 1775 (see Battles of Lexington and Concord), rebel forces began a siege of Boston that ended when American forces under Henry Knox forced out the British troops under William Howe on March 17, 1776 (see Battle of Bunker Hill). Britain's offer of pardon in exchange for surrender was refused by the Americans, who declared themselves independent on July 4, 1776 (see Declaration of Independence). British forces retaliated by driving the army of George Washington from New York to New Jersey. On December 25, Washington crossed the Delaware River and won the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The British army split to cover more territory, a fatal error. In engaging the Americans in Pennsylvania, notably in the Battle of the Brandywine, they left the troops in the north vulnerable. Despite a victory in the Battle of Ticonderoga, British troops under John Burgoyne were defeated by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold in the Battle of Saratoga (Oct. 17, 1777). Washington quartered his 11,000 troops through a bleak winter at Valley Forge, where they received training from Frederick Steuben that gave them victory in Monmouth, N.J., on June 28, 1778. British forces in the north thenceforth chiefly concentrated near New York. France, which had been secretly furnishing aid to the Americans since 1776, finally declared war on Britain in June 1778. French troops assisted American troops in the south, culminating in the successful Siege of Yorktown, where Charles Cornwallis surrendered his forces on Oct. 19, 1781, bringing an end to the war on land. War continued at sea, fought chiefly between Britain and the U.S.'s European allies. The navies of Spain and the Netherlands contained most of Britain's navy near Europe and away from the fighting in America. The last battle of the war was won by the American navy under John Barry in March 1783 in the Straits of Florida. With the Treaty of Paris (Sept. 3, 1783), Britain recognized the independence of the U.S. east of the Mississippi River and ceded Florida to Spain.
美国独立战争(1775～1783)
北美13个英国殖民地发动的战争，赢得了政治上的独立，建立了美利坚合众国。1763年结束了代价惨重的法英北美殖民地争夺战后，英国强加给殖民地新税(参阅《印花税法条例》[Stamp Act]和《食糖条例》[Sugar Act])和贸易限制，殖民地居民对此日益不满，他们也对英国议会中没有北美殖民地的代表感到不满。北美殖民地决定争取独立，于是组成大陆军，主要由农民民兵组成，向英国人数众多、训练有素的国民军发起挑战。1775年4月19日一支英军到乌萨诸塞州康科德去摧毁美洲反抗者的军需库，战事遂即爆发(参阅列克星敦和康科德战役[Lexington and Concord, Battles of])。反抗者的军队开始围攻波士顿，美方诺克斯率领的军队迫使豪率领的英军于1776年3月17日撤出波士顿(参阅邦克山战役[Bunker Hill, Battle of])。英军提出如美方投降则可获得宽恕，但美国人拒绝此建议，并于1776年7月4日宣布独立。英军采取报复，将华盛顿率领的军队从纽约赶到新泽西。圣诞夜，华盛顿率军渡过特拉华河，赢得了特伦顿和普林斯顿的战役。英军分兵去占更多领土，这是一致命错误。英军在宾夕法尼亚向美军发动攻击，尤其是在布兰迪万河战役中，英军将部队留在防守薄弱的北侧。尽管英军在泰孔德罗加战役打了一次胜仗，但伯戈因率领的英军却在萨拉托加战役(1777-10-17)中被盖茨和阿诺德率领的美军击败。华盛顿安排他的1.1万名士兵在福吉谷过了一个寒冬。施托伊本男爵对士兵进行训练，帮助美军在1778年6月28日在新泽西州蒙茅斯战役中取得胜利。那次战役后，在北方的英军主要集中在纽约市周围。法国自1776年以来一直就秘密地向美国人提供援助，于1778年6月最终向英国宣战。法军主要在南部援助美军，参加围攻约克敦。1781年10月19日康华里的部队在此向美军投降，陆地战争宣告结束。海上战争仍在继续，主要是在英国和美国的欧洲盟国之间进行。西班牙和荷兰海军控制了大部分英国在欧洲的海军，使其无法前往美国作战。1783年3月巴里(John Barry)率领的美国海军在佛罗里达海峡获得独立战争的最后一次战役的胜利。1783年9月3日签署《巴黎和约》，英国承认美国独立(西以密西西比河为界)，并把佛罗里达割让给西班牙。
American Civil War or Civil War or War Between the States
(1861–65) Conflict between the U.S. federal government and 11 Southern states that fought to secede from the Union.
It arose out of disputes over the issues of slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states' rights. In the 1840s and '50s, Northern opposition to slavery in the Western territories caused the Southern states to fear that existing slaveholdings, which formed the economic base of the South, were also in danger. By the 1850s abolitionism was growing in the North, and when the antislavery Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the Southern states seceded to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves. They were organized as the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Northern states of the federal Union, under Lincoln, commanded more than twice the population of the Confederacy and held greater advantages in manufacturing and transportation capacity. The war began in Charleston, S.C., when Confederate artillery fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Both sides quickly raised armies. In July 1861, 30,000 Union troops marched toward the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va., but were stopped by Confederate forces in the Battle of Bull Run and forced to retreat to Washington, D.C. The defeat shocked the Union, which called for 500,000 more recruits. The war's first major campaign began in February 1862, when Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant captured Confederate forts in western Tennessee. Union victories at the battles of Shiloh and New Orleans followed. In the East, Robert E. Lee won several Confederate victories in the Seven Days' Battles and, after defeat at the Battle of Antietam, in the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862). After the Confederate victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee invaded the North and engaged Union forces under George Meade at the momentous Battle of Gettysburg. The war's turning point in the West occurred in July 1863 with Grant's success in the Vicksburg Campaign, which brought the entire Mississippi River under Union control. Grant's command was expanded after the Union defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, and in March 1864 Lincoln gave him supreme command of the Union armies. He began a strategy of attrition and, despite heavy Union casualties at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania, began to surround Lee's troops in Petersburg, Va. (see Petersburg Campaign). Meanwhile William T. Sherman captured Atlanta in September (see Atlanta Campaign), set out on a destructive march through Georgia, and soon captured Savannah. Grant captured Richmond on April 3, 1865, and accepted Lee's surrender on April 9 at Appomattox Court House. On April 26 Sherman received the surrender of Joseph Johnston, thereby ending the war. The mortality rates of the war were staggering
there were about 620,000 deaths out of a total of 2.4 million soldiers. The South was devastated. But the Union was preserved, and slavery was abolished.
美国南北战争
美国联邦政府和宣布脱离联邦的南方11个州之间的战争。这场战争的起因在于双方在蓄奴、贸易、关税和州权等问题上的争议。19世纪40和50年代，北部各州反对在西部地区蓄奴，造成南方各州害怕威胁到他们持有奴隶的权益，而蓄奴是维持其庞大的棉花种植园的经济基础到19世纪50年代，废奴主义在北方逐渐壮大，当1860年反对蓄奴的共和党候选人林肯当选总统后，南方各州便脱离联邦以保护他们蓄奴的权利。他们组成以戴维斯(Jefferson Davis)为首的南部邦联，北部各州则由林肯领导。1861年4月12日南部邦联军向萨姆特堡开火，战争于是在南卡罗来纳州的查尔斯敦展开。双方迅速招募军队。1861年7月约3万名联邦军向南部邦联的首都弗吉尼亚州的里士满挺进，但在布尔溪战役(Battle of Bull Run)中受到南部邦联军的阻截，被迫撤退到华盛顿。这场败战震惊了北方，再次招募了50万大军。1862年2月首场重要战役开打，格兰特率领的联邦军占领了田纳西州西部南部邦联的要塞。联邦军接连在塞罗和新奥尔良传捷报。在东线的战区，李将军也为南部邦联赢得数场战役：七天战役以及在安蒂特姆战役南方军被击败后的弗雷德里克斯堡战役(1862.12)。南部邦联军在钱瑟勒斯维尔战役胜利后，李将军挥军北上，与米德率领的联邦军在葛底斯堡战役遭遇。战争的转折点发生在1863年7月的西部战区，格兰特在维克斯堡战役的成功使得整个密西西比河流域都落入联邦军之手。在奇克莫加河战役北方军被击败后，格兰特的权力又上一层楼，1864年3月格兰特被林肯任命为联邦军最高统帅。格兰特开始实行消耗战略，他无视联邦军在莽原战役和斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚县府战役中的惨重伤亡，开始包围李将军在弗吉尼亚州彼得斯堡的军队(参阅彼得斯堡战役[Petersburg Campaign])。同时，谢尔曼于9月占领亚特兰大(参阅亚特兰大战役[Atlanta Campaign])后，开始了通过佐治亚州的破坏性行军，不久又夺占了塞凡纳。1865年4月3日格兰特占领里士满，4月9日在阿波马托克斯县府接受李将军的投降。4月26日谢尔曼接受约翰斯顿的投降，从而结束了这场战争。死伤人数颇为惨重，总共240万士兵中约有62万人死亡。南方受到严重破坏。但北方维持原状，奴隶制被废除。
Korean War
(1950–53) Conflict arising after the post-World War II division of Korea, at latitude 38° N, into North Korea and South Korea.
At the end of World War II, Soviet forces accepted the surrender of Japanese forces north of that line, as U.S. forces accepted Japanese surrender south of it. Negotiations failed to reunify the two halves, the northern half being a Soviet client state and the southern half being backed by the U.S. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea, and U.S. Pres. Harry Truman ordered troops to assist South Korea. The UN Security Council, minus the absent Soviet delegate, passed a resolution calling for the assistance of all UN members in halting the invasion. At first North Korean troops drove the South Korean and U.S. forces down to the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, but a brilliant amphibious landing at Inch'ŏn, conceived by Gen. Douglas MacArthur, turned the tide in favour of the UN troops, who advanced near the border of North Korea and China. The Chinese then entered the war and drove the UN forces back south; the front line stabilized at the 38th parallel. MacArthur insisted on voicing his objections to U.S. war aims in a public manner and was relieved of his command by Truman. U.S. Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower participated in the conclusion of an armistice that accepted the front line as the de facto boundary between the two Koreas. The war resulted in the deaths of approximately 2,000,000 Koreans, 600,000 Chinese, 37,000 Americans, and 3,000 Turks, Britons, and other nationals in the UN forces.
朝鲜战争
1950～1953年朝鲜和韩国之间爆发的一场战争。第二次世界大战末期，苏军在北纬38°线以北、美军在该线以南接受日军投降。后来在协商两半地区统一时失败，北半部在苏联支持下建立起一个共产党国家(朝鲜)，南半部(韩国)则由美国在背后支持。1950年6月25日，朝鲜战争爆发。联合国安理会在苏联代表缺席的情况下，通过一项决议要求所有联合国成员共同阻止朝鲜人南进。美国总统杜鲁门下令美国军队支持韩国。刚开始朝鲜军队势如破竹，把韩国军队和联合国部队一路进逼到朝鲜半岛的南端，但麦克阿瑟将军运用战略扭转了联合国部队的劣势，甚至把联合国军队推进到朝鲜与中国交界处附近。中国此时开始参战，并把联合国部队逼退到南部。战线最后沿38°线稳定下来。此时麦克阿瑟主张轰炸中国的东北基地，但杜鲁门拒绝了该项建议，解除了麦克阿瑟的指挥权。艾森豪威尔当选总统后，与朝鲜缔结了停战协议，双方实际接触线被接受为朝鲜与韩国事实上的分界线。朝鲜战争的死亡人数估计如下：韩国约130万人，中国100万人，朝鲜50万人，美国约3.7万人，以及联合国军里的少数其他国家的人员。
Vietnam War
(1955–75) Protracted effort by South Vietnam and the U.S. to prevent North and South Vietnam from being united under communist leadership.
After the First Indochina War, Vietnam was partitioned to separate the warring parties until free elections could be held in 1956. Ho Chi Minh's popular Viet Minh party from the north was expected to win the elections, which the leader in the south, Ngo Dinh Diem, refused to hold. In the war that ensued, fighters trained in the north (the Viet Cong) fought a guerrilla war against U.S.-supported South Vietnamese forces; North Vietnamese forces later joined the fighting. At the height of U.S. involvement, there were more than half a million U.S. military personnel in Vietnam. The Tet Offensive of 1968, in which the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese attacked 36 major South Vietnamese cities and towns, marked a turning point in the war. Many in the U.S. had come to oppose the war on moral and practical grounds, and Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson decided to shift to a policy of "de-escalation." Peace talks were begun in Paris. Between 1969 and 1973 U.S. troops were withdrawn from Vietnam, but the war was expanded to Cambodia and Laos in 1970. Peace talks, which had reached a stalemate in 1971, started again in 1973, producing a cease-fire agreement. Fighting continued, and there were numerous truce violations. In 1975 the North Vietnamese launched a full-scale invasion of the south. The south surrendered later that year, and in 1976 the country was reunited as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. More than 2,000,000 people (including 58,000 Americans) died over the course of the war, about half of them civilians.
越南战争(1955～1975)
南越和美国为阻止北越共产党人在其领导下将南北越统一所作的长期而不成功的努力。第一次印度支那战争后，越南被划为两部分以分开作战双方，直到1956年举行自由选举。北方的越盟深得人心，可望赢得这次选举。南越的吴庭艳拒绝已安排好的选举。在北越受训和武装起来的士兵(越共)进行游击战对抗由美国支持的南越。美国投入的兵力最多时达到50多万人。1968年，北越军队和越共在越南人民的节日农历新年发动大规模的突袭攻势，进攻南越36个主要城镇，标示着战争的转折点。在美国，很多人从道义和现实出发反对参战。L.B.约翰逊总统将政策转为逐步降级，在巴黎开始和平谈判。1969～1973年美国自越南撤军，但在1970年战争扩大到柬埔寨和老挝。1971年和谈继续陷于僵局。1973年恢复和谈，协议实施停火，尽管有停战协议，但战斗仍继续不断，互相指责对方多次破坏停火。1975年北越军队认为对南方的全面进攻已切实可行。同年4月南越投降。1976年全国正式统一为越南社会主义共和国。超过200万人(包括58,000名美国人)在此次战争中丧生，其中一半是平民。

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