英语 快 (8 21:30:53)什么是完成时态?

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英语 快 (8 21:30:53)什么是完成时态?

英语 快 (8 21:30:53)什么是完成时态?
英语 快 (8 21:30:53)
什么是完成时态?

英语 快 (8 21:30:53)什么是完成时态?
现在完成时补充,过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果
过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态
[编辑本段]句型
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前做了,一直延续到现在的动作.(延续性)
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”.
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
[编辑本段]基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作.即“过去的过去”.可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示.
例如:By nine o’clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片.
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用.
例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟.
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作.
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时.
例如:Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了.他以前是我的好友.
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课.
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时.
例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书.
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了.
(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前.
例如:He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她.
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了.
(6)在包含有when,until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示.
例如:When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了.
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉.
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时.
例如:After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平.
(7)动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等.
例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里.
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看看你.
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,no sooner…than…,It was the first (second,etc)
time (that)…等固定句型中.
例如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他.
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了.
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了.

1. 过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had neve...

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1. 过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
2.过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。

3.将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have +过去分词"构成的。
Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了,他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?
到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧?
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末,我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
②表示推测,相当于"must have done"结构。
You will have heard of this, I guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
I am sure he will have got the information.
我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
注:
在时间状语从句中,不用将来完成时,要用现在完成时来代替。
When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do.
等我做完这件事时,我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
Please don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
请等车停稳后下车。

4.将来完成进行时
形式will/shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称,而 will have
been+现在分词用于其他人称。
用法
正如将来完成时一样,它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用:
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时:
1 动作本身就是连续的:
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
2 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作:
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满 20年了。
但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目,或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作,就必须用将来完成时:
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。
5.现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)

1. 动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间(过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道),但它的结果仍对现在有影响.
I have read the letter, and I know what it is about.
2. 动作发生在过去,目前仍在继续或刚刚结束, 常和 "for" 加上 "一段时间", 或"since" 加上"一个确切的过去的时间" 连用.
a) "for" 用于过去的一段时间. (动词必须是可以延续的)
He has been there for six months. 她去那儿有6个月了。
(直到现在)
He went there 6 months ago.
He has never been there. 他从来都没去过那里。(直到现在)
b) "since" 用于过去的一个确切的时间, 意思是"从那时一直到现在", 总是和完成时一齐用, 而且不能省略. (主句动词必须是可以延续的)
Tim has been in Nantong since January. 自从1月份以来他一直都在南通。(现在仍在南通)
注意: "since" 后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.
He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.
他打小时侯起就对收集硬币感兴趣。(现在还是如此)
c) 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
3. 刚刚完成的动作.
I've just got a letter from my brother.
4. "already" 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, "yet" 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中
He has (already) visited many places in China. (already)
He has come back now. Have you ever been to Australia?
注意 "already" 在句中的两种位置.
The train hasn't arrived yet.火车(到现在)还没有到。
Has she arrived yet? 她已经到了吗?Hasn't he come yet? 她还没来吗?
I haven't been very successful so far.我一直都没有成功。
注意: "have been"(去过) 和 "have gone"(去了) 的区别:
He has gone to Beijing . (He is there or is on his way there.)
He has been to Shanghai . (He was there once, but he is not there now.)
5. 当现在完成时句中无时间状语, 它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作
I've cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。(已完成了工作)
6. 现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作.
He has rung me up five times today. (五次分隔的行为)
希望对你有用!!加油哦!!

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所谓完成时么就是已经完成的时态
包括现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时
一般用的比较多的 或者说平时我们接触的多的都时过去完成时和现在完成时
过去完成时也就是发生在过去一件事情再过去的事情
如:I had eaten 10 eggs before he came.
在他来之前我已经吃了10个鸡蛋了
你看 我翻译一下...

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所谓完成时么就是已经完成的时态
包括现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时
一般用的比较多的 或者说平时我们接触的多的都时过去完成时和现在完成时
过去完成时也就是发生在过去一件事情再过去的事情
如:I had eaten 10 eggs before he came.
在他来之前我已经吃了10个鸡蛋了
你看 我翻译一下这句子的意思你就懂了吧~
他来之前,他的到来就是过去时态了
在过去时态的基础上再过去那就是完成时了
更加详细的请看下面:
英语的时态(tense)j是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + been
4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

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